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Tree in bud sign – describes the CT chest appearance of multiple…
Tree in bud sign – describes the CT chest appearance of multiple centrilobular nodules that are connected by branching opacified bronchioles. Although initially described in patients with...
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Water bottle sign – refers to the shape of the cardiac…
Water bottle sign – refers to the shape of the cardiac silhouette on erect frontal chest x-rays in patients who have a very large pericardial effusion. The fluid, often measuring a litre or more,...
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Honeycombing – a common and distinctive CT finding in pulmonary…
Honeycombing – a common and distinctive CT finding in pulmonary fibrosis (usual interstitial pneumonia). It refers to clustered cystic air spaces between 0.3 to 1.0 cm in diameter typically in a...
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Unilateral hyperlucent hemithorax – when one side of the chest…
Unilateral hyperlucent hemithorax – when one side of the chest is more lucent (black) than the other on a frontal chest radiograph. There are many potential causes including a few tricky ones. Some...
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Pancoast tumour - a primary lung cancer that arises in the lung…
Pancoast tumour - a primary lung cancer that arises in the lung apex and invades soft tissues such as the brachial plexus. Although classically these tumours present with Pancoast syndrome (shoulder...
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Garland triad – a chest radiograph sign of sarcoidosis. It…
Garland triad – a chest radiograph sign of sarcoidosis. It refers to a triad of lymph node enlargement; right paratracheal, right hilar and left hilar. This pattern of nodal enlargement, also known as...
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Golden S sign – a chest radiograph sign of right upper lobe…
Golden S sign – a chest radiograph sign of right upper lobe collapse due to an obstructing central mass. The margin of the collapsed upper lobe forms a reverse S shape (blue line) as the peripheral...
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Inferior rib notching – refers to a remodeling deformity of the…
Inferior rib notching – refers to a remodeling deformity of the lower aspect of the ribs, usually induced by dilated intercostal vessels. Arterial dilatation most commonly occurs when there is...
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Left atrial enlargement – while echocardiography has emerged as…
Left atrial enlargement – while echocardiography has emerged as the preferred tool for assessing cardiac chamber size, recognising the features of left atrial enlargement on chest radiography remains...
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Holly leaf sign - refers to the typical chest radiograph…
Holly leaf sign - refers to the typical chest radiograph appearance of calcified pleural plaques. The well-defined but irregular thickened edges simulate the appearance of a holly leaf. ‘Geographic...
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